China Military Conscription - Last December, the Chinese government issued an updated National Defense Law to address changes in the organization, structure and missions of China's armed forces over the past two decades, particularly as a result of the force reform that began on December 31. 2015
Beijing has just announced that the national conscription law, last amended in 2001, is undergoing such a process. Last week, the project was released for public discussion. Like the National Defense Law, the new draft has been updated to reflect recent developments in China's armed forces and across the country, particularly in information technology and population movements. The review period has been extended to August 2, after which comments will be considered and the final product released.
China Military Conscription
The project envisages the creation of a "system of interdepartmental joint conferences on conscription issues" aimed at increasing the efficiency of the system. This will build on the existing system run by the Central Military Commission's National Defense Mobilization Department and the Ministry of National Defense's Recruiting/Recruitment Office, which includes a total of 14 party and government departments, including the Party Publicity Department and the Department of National Development and Development. commission on reforms. After interagency coordination at the national level, draft quotas for each state are sent to the military chain of command and local governments for implementation.
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China's military conscription process concerns young people who can join the two million-strong People's Liberation Army (PLA) and the more than 500,000 People's Armed Police (PAP). Conscripts are evaluated for a period of two years. accounting for about one-third of all active employees, requiring nearly 400,000 new hires each year. To facilitate youth registration, the Ministry of National Defense has established a national website with information and application forms.
The actual work of conscription is carried out by the PLA's local headquarters system, which consists of 32 provincial military districts (including four major garrisons in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), more than 300 prefecture-level headquarters. - district or garrison majors, units of thousands of people's armed forces in cities, districts, towns and villages, large trade enterprises and educational institutions. This large number of military organizations parallels the structure of the civilian government, where each local PLA headquarters has two hats as the corresponding government office, both working together to meet set quotas.
National-level leadership and local input are needed to account for the growing urban (vs. rural) population and the large number of college-going youth, all of which will impact local quotas. Continuing a longstanding practice, the updated law aims to encourage college students, both graduates and enrollees, to volunteer for the military. College students are encouraged to serve, and those who have not completed their studies may return to complete their studies after serving.
Not all regions and cities can meet their annual project quotas with volunteers alone. As a result, some young people may be involved against their will.
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In addition, the project provides an additional incentive for recently dismissed employees to voluntarily "re-register" (和度入伍). Second enlistments have been registered for several years and refer to servicemen who did not receive a higher rank but later decided to return to the service. The new draft states that those re-enlisting and meeting NCO qualifications may be commissioned as "immediate sergeants" (a general term for non-commissioned officers with the rank of corporal and above). Another option is for demobilized personnel to join the expanding ranks of inactive contract civilians, some of whom are attached to a system of local headquarters responsible for conscription.
Emphasis on second conscription reflects an insufficient number of young men. It is common to report that many college students and graduates and high school graduates have volunteered to join the PLA and PAP, but national-level military service figures are not consistently published. Not all regions and cities can meet their annual project quotas with volunteers alone. As a result, some young people, which vary by age and location, may be recruited against their will. Recently, several examples of recruits refusing to fulfill their duties have been published.
The notice to amend the Military Defeat Act does not say what the most significant development in the ongoing conscription process is. In early 2020, the PLA announced that conscription and conscription would be held twice a year, in the spring and fall, instead of in the fall. The Covid-19 crisis has delayed the implementation of this change, which has been postponed to early 2021. The first batch of new soldiers underwent initial training in March of this year. They have now completed basic training and been assigned to permanent units. The second group of new recruits will begin their duties in September.
Bi-annual conscription is designed to make conscription more convenient and to attract more volunteers. The details of the system have not been fully explained to the public, but the change could improve the readiness of the force and lead to a higher level of readiness. It is more important to consider this development in the coming year than the details of the changes in the bill.
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